Hi all,
I've been putting together info for how to recycle in Tucson while leveraging all the recycling options that are open to me: curbside, the city's upcoming glass drop-off, local and mail-in corporate-sponsored, and TerraCycle (a paid option). I aim to reuse or recycle every last bit of waste coming out of our house, no matter how crazy it may seem. Partly I just want to see how difficult it is; I recognize that my process isn't practical for most people.
Anyway, here's what I've gathered so far.

General principles

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1. COMPOST: If it can be composted, compost it! (More on this below.)
2. REUSE: If it can't be composted, reuse it! Reuse is always the most environmentally-friendly option.
3. DONATE: If it can't be reused by you, donate it if it's something worth donating that someone else could use. https://tucsoncleanandbeautiful.org/ has a great directory for places that will accept various materials. Cero is a Tucson store that also accepts lots of stuff for donation and reuse. Donation usually involves transportation and some kind of carbon emissions, but it's still better than recycling. Don't donate junk! Donations aren't a free trash can.
4. MUNICIPAL RECYCLING: If it can't be donated, recycle it locally using municipal recycling (curbside or drop-off). Recycle Coach has all the info you need on what municipal recycling can or can't recycle. ESGD's page on residential recycling also has some important guidelines. Recycling uses energy and involves carbon-emitting transport, plus not everything in a recycling waste stream actually gets recycled, so try to reuse first.
5. LOCAL STORE DROP-OFF: If it can't be recycled using municipal recycling, recycle it at a local store for free. Earth911 has a search page that finds these stores and breaks them down by type, and TerraCycle's corporate-sponsored programs page also has some local programs. These programs typically ship their waste to a recycling partner, often TerraCycle in New Jersey, which adds to the environmental footprint of the process, so try to recycle municipally first.
6. FREE MAIL-IN: If it can't be recycled at a local store, use one of TerraCycle's free corporate-sponsored mail-in programs. These programs end up sending waste TerraCycle, just like the local store drop-offs, but are arguably less efficient than sending a big communal batch of stuff, so try to use the local store drop-offs first.
7. TERRACYCLE (PAID): If it can't be recycled using a mail-in program, use a paid all-in-one box to have TerraCycle recycle it if it's small and light. This is effectively the same as using one of the mail-in options above except that you have to pay, so try to use a mail-in program first.
8. REGIONAL DROP-OFF: If it's a big bulky waste that can't be donated, see if it can be recycled outside of Tucson (e.g., save up Styrofoam for the next time I drive to Phoenix, where they do have the appropriate facilities). TerraCycle accepts almost anything, but their all-in-one boxes are pricey, so it may make more sense to save up big hard-to-recycle stuff like packaging for Phoenix or another big city, if you think you'll drive there at some point. Don't make unnecessary trips just to drop off waste!
9. TRASH: If it can't be composted, reused, donated or recycled, throw it away and make sure that you follow the guidelines for hazardous waste disposal.
10. GOLDEN RULE #1: Make sure that the material is clean. Clean waste streams are more valuable to recyclers, which helps keep costs down. Don't use too much water cleaning up stuff, but don't feel too guilty about using water, either! Dishwater usage is a tiny sliver of household water consumption, not to mention that industry and agriculture generally use much more water than homes.
11. GOLDEN RULE #2: The goal of recycling is to break down your waste into "primary materials" (e.g., plastic, metal, paper, glass) that can be used by industry to make new products. The more mixed your materials, the more you need to research how to recycle it. Knowing the basics goes a long way. For example, I know that metal cans get melted down, so a paper or plastic label attached to the can doesn't worry me because I know that it will get burned off. But what about a milk carton, which is paper fused with plastic? Or the circuitry inside the plastic base of a CFL bulb? If you can't intuitively explain how the thing is going to get broken down into its primary materials, that's your cue that you need to do some research.
12. GOLDEN RULE #3: Knowing the basics of how recycling centers work goes a long way. For example, if you know that you can't recycle plastic grocery bags curbside because they get stuck in the machines, that's a hint that you shouldn't try to recycle your plastic food wrap, either. Or if you know that plastic bottle caps fall through the holes of a separator, that's a hint that you need to research whether your beer bottle caps are recyclable (even though they're metal).

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Reuse and recycling guide for my home

This is not a comprehensive list of every recycling resource in Tucson, this is just for my house my household's needs. I've found that there's no one-size-fits-all solution if you want to reach close to 100% recycling/reuse, you end up having to come up with a list that's customized for your home, which requires research. I'm providing my list as a potential template as well as for inspiration.
Legend:

• Donation/reuse
  • Cero reuse = Cero's local donation and reuse program (see their guidelines)
  • Glass drop-off = Tucson's municipal glass reuse program, starting on 2/1/2020 (locations listed at the bottom of the page)
• Municipal recycling
  • Curbside = Tucson's municipal "blue barrel" curbside recycling
  • Shredding = Tucson's monthly free shredding program
• Local store drop-off
  • Subaru cups/lids/straws = drop off in the lobby of Tucson Subaru (page for Subaru's recycling program); don't mix with other Subaru recycling
  • Subaru wrappers = ditto
  • Target film = drop off near the front of Target (info I learned about recycling at the Target on Grant); don't mix with other Target recycling
  • Target electronics = ditto
  • Cero stationery = drop off at Cero (program page)
  • Batteries and Bulbs batteries = drop off at a local Batteries and Bulbs (program page); don't mix with other Batteries and Bulbs recycling
  • Batteries and Bulbs bulbs = ditto
  • Gillette = mail-in/drop-off program (there's a drop-off point at Bullets Barber Shop in midtown; note that the Beauty Republic listing on TerraCycle's program page is inaccurate. I spoke with Beauty Republic's owner and confirmed this.)
• Mail-in
  • Rubbermaid = mail-in program
  • TULA = mail-in program
• TerraCycle = all-in-one box (paid)
• Regional drop-off (save up and drop off next time you're in town)
  • The Perfect Block (Phoenix): Styrofoam (program page)

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• Glass
  • Jars (clean, labels removed): Cero reuse
  • Other: curbside until 2/1/2020, then glass drop-off
• Metal
  • Food and beverage cans (La Colombe coffee cans, soda cans, food cans, etc.; no plastic tops; don't crush): curbside
  • Little plastic top for La Colombe coffee: Subaru cups/lids/straws (see “plastic food containers and cutlery”)
  • Fully empty aerosol cans (whipped cream, etc.): curbside
  • Misc. small bits (nuts and bolts, small tools, etc.): TerraCycle
  • Pringles cans: TerraCycle
• General paper
  • Larger boxes (>6" length, in reusable condition): Cero reuse
  • Mailers (papeplastic/mixed, in reusable condition): Cero reuse
  • Packaging materials (e.g., packing paper): Cero reuse
  • Uncoated (copier paper, clean napkins, egg cartons, etc.; can have glue, tape, stables, envelope windows): curbside
  • Sensitive uncoated (bank statements, etc.): shredding
  • Cardboard: curbside
  • Coated (wax paper, plastic-y type spam mail): TerraCycle
  • Receipts (which are coated paper): TerraCycle
• Paper food containers
  • Milk cartons (w/ cap on, can be crushed): curbside
  • Disposable paper cups (e.g., Dutch Bros): Subaru cups/lids/straws
  • Clean takeout: TerraCycle
• Plastic food containers and cutlery
  • Tubs (yogurt, etc.): Rubbermaid
  • Take-out, rotisserie chicken (usually #5 plastic), ground turkey containers: Rubbermaid
  • Thin clear plastic (some take-out, berry containers from the store, usually #1 or #2 plastic): curbside
  • Single-use water and beverage (Gatorade, etc., w/ cap on; don't crush) bottles/jugs: curbside
  • Disposable cups, lids and straws (Dutch Bros, Solo, etc.): Subaru cups/lids/straws
  • Candy and snack wrappers: Subaru wrappers
  • Potato chip bags: Subaru wrappers
  • Unopened plastic cutlery packages (e.g., from McDonald's): Cero reuse
  • Loose plastic cutlery, used or unused: TerraCycle
• Plastic film and bags
  • Packaging materials (e.g., Amazon air bubble thingies): Cero reuse
  • Grocery and shopping bags: Target film
  • Clean food wrap: Target film
  • Ziplock: Target film
  • Plastic tape (packing, Scotch, etc., with or without bits attached or crumpled): TerraCycle
• Hygiene, health and beauty products
  • Pill bottles (clean, empty, labels removed): Cero reuse
  • Unused hygiene products (new, unopened): Cero reuse
  • TULA brand jars, tubes and blister packs: TULA
  • Razors and packaging: Gillette
  • Toothbrush heads and toothbrushes: TerraCycle
• Electronics, batteries, light bulbs, etc.
  • Small electronics: Target electronics
  • Rechargeable batteries and battery packs (e.g., lithium ion): Batteries and Bulbs batteries
  • Alkaline and other single-use batteries: TerraCycle
  • Bulbs: Batteries and Bulbs bulbs
• Cleaning supplies
  • Used wipes: TerraCycle
  • Non-tub, hard plastic containers (laundry, spray bottles, etc.): curbside
• Other
  • Fabric scraps: Cero reuse
  • Plastic mailers (e.g., those bubble wrap pouches that Amazon sometimes uses; as long as they're clean and in reusable condition): Cero reuse
  • Stationery (e.g., pens, glue sticks, paint sets, flexible packaging; NOT white out): Cero stationery
  • Styrofoam: small items go to TerraCycle, big bulky items (e.g., box packaging) go to The Perfect Block

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How do I sort all this?

Right now, I'm using a makeshift system of lots and lots of bags to keep everything separate. My idea is to do a monthly "recycling day" and drop off everything that needs to be dropped off as well as mail in everything that needs to be mailed in. I haven't had to do this yet since I started this project.
I hope to build a sorting station in my house once I understand my needs a bit better.
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Notes on TerraCycle and partner programs

A lot of the corporate-sponsored/mail-in/drop-off programs are done through TerraCycle, a New Jersey-based recycler that specializes in recycling hard-to-recycle things (e.g., potato chip bags, toothbrushes). They make lots of their money through large corporations, which essentially pay them to process unprofitable waste in order to burnish their environmental stewardship bona fides. They also offer paid recycling pouches and boxes to the general public. You mail in these pouches/boxes (they come with a shipping label) after filling them up with recyclable waste.
TerraCycle will recycle almost anything and everything. However, anything that gets recycled through them or one of their corporate programs is shipped to New Jersey for processing, so it's preferable to reuse or recycle locally. They're also not as transparent as I wish they would be. I'm not certain, for example, how much of each waste stream actually gets recycled. They have a customer support contact form that's been very good for getting my questions answered, but beware that they take about 2-3 days to get back to you per request.
I bought the large "all-in-one" box from their site and found a coupon code online to bring the cost down to around $350. I read a review elsewhere from someone who got a medium box (about 50% the size) who said that it lasted her six months. My idea is to use this box as "recycling of last resort" and rely on drop-off programs as much as possible to keep costs down. On the other hand, this makes my life more complicated in terms of sorting different waste streams, so you could simplify by putting waste destined for various drop-off points into a single TerraCycle all-in-one box.
You need to register for free on their website to use their mail-in programs. Many of their mail-in programs unfortunately have wait lists. Of the ~15 programs for which I signed up around two weeks ago, about 8 had wait lists, and I got off the wait list for about 5 of them. So they seem to go through the list pretty regularly. Once you're in, you can print off a free UPS label from the "my profile" section of the site after logging in.
If I had to take a wild guess, I would assume that TerraCycle has a higher rate of recycling than municipal programs, but this must be balanced against the financial and environmental cost of shipping waste to their facilities.
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Composting

The Achilles' heel in my recycling and reuse plan is organic matter. The City of Tucson has a composting program but it's only open to businesses.
There are a few volunteer-run programs here and there that accept compostable waste. I managed to sign up for one, UA's Compost Cats, and will be meeting them tomorrow to pick up my sealed composting bucket and go over the program rules. I know that they have limited capacity, so you have to email them. They took about a week to get back to me.
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Am I insane?

Maybe a little 🙃.
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Shout outs

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• Marissa at Beauty Republic, who told me about Cero, Desert Rose Collective and her husband's business, Bullets Barber Shop, which has a razors drop-off point.
• Alena at Desert Rose Collective, who makes beautiful household goods from reused local bottles, jars and other materials. (Btw, I emailed her and she explained that she's not currently accepting donations for reuse due to COVID-19, but that in the future she plans to accept glass jars or bottles with lids.)

[Ed. Note: Readers of the Editorial Team (and discerning Formula1 users elsewhere) have probably noticed that TheStateOfIt has pulled a Mika on us and retreated into a sabbatical as he deals with life. Thankfully for us, however, he has proven faster than Mika – no mean feat – and has returned to provide us with an extraordinary trip through the Fittipaldi family's history.
We hope you enjoy it as much as we did]

Featured Focus: Fittipaldi Family

words by TheStateOfIt
Coming into the Sakhir Grand Prix, the news ticker on Formula 1’s website is running at supersonic speeds, combing over the tidal wave of news erupting this past week.
Updates on Romain Grosjean’s recovery and the critical analysis of safety features, from the holiness of halos to the hazards of Armco; shock over Lewis Hamilton being the latest victim of a global pandemic; glee over George Russell delivering a solid enough PowerPoint presentation to earn the step up; welcoming Jack Aitken into the big league; the oddity of Sergio Perez announcing that he has yet to announce anything; the impending storm clouds over Alex Albon’s future; Nikita Mazepin’s arrival and related insights into his behaviour; and the continuation of a family legacy in Mick Schumacher’s promotion into Formula 1.
Among all that, one piece of major news that already seems to have flown right by us is the announcement of a fresh face into the paddock. It is not a surprise that Grosjean will require some time to recuperate from injuries suffered in Sunday’s race, and since Haas’ 2021 drivers cannot step away from their F2 commitments, they have named their reserve driver, Pietro Fittipaldi, as Grosjean’s deputy for this race.
Pietro, however, represents more than just a fresh face. As his surname indicates, he is a continuation of a familial legacy pivotal to Brazilian motorsport. Without the Fittipaldis, we would probably never have seen other Brazilians in Formula 1. Furthermore, Pietro is the first third-generation driver in Formula 1, marking the Fittipaldis as the most enduring family in Formula 1, with four drivers, one team, and 50 years in the sport.
So, as we step into Sakhir, we should look back at the five Fittipaldis and the legacy they have left so far and will now continue building, not just for their family, but to Formula 1 and motorsport overall.
If you are cognizant of F1 history, you probably just did a double take. Five F1 Fittipaldis? But there are only four drivers — Emerson, Wilson, Christian and now Pietro — and the team was founded and run by two of them. How could there be five Fittipaldis?
Forgetting the fun factoid of fledgling Footwork feature Max Papis finding footholds in the Fittipaldi family by becoming an in-law, there have indeed been five Fittipaldis in Formula 1. And the first one, the one you all do not know about, might just be the most important one of them all.

Wilson “Barão” Fittipaldi Sr.

Nicknamed “Barão”, or Baron in Portuguese, Wilson Sr. might be the most important Fittipaldi of them all. Without him, not only would Emerson and Wilson Jr. not well, exist at all, but the entirety of Brazilian motorsport would have a different shape without him. Just because he never stepped into a Formula 1 car does not mean he was not crucial to the sport.
Born in 1920 to Italian immigrants in Brazil, Wilson did indeed participate in a few races here and there, but that was mostly on the local level, as Brazil’s motorsport scene was taking its first baby steps. But it was off the track — the commentary booth, to be precise — where Wilson Sr. found his calling card. Following the construction of the Interlagos circuit nearby, Wilson was approached, almost by chance, to call races at the circuit in 1940. As motorsport started to take off in the post-war era, Wilson was able to land himself a job with Rádio Excelsior, and soon Sao Paulo’s major radio network, Rádio Panamericana, as they sought to cover motorsports to appeal to young listeners.
Fittipaldi’s voice soon became a national treasure akin to that of Murray Walker, especially after covering Chico Landi’s victory in the 1948 Bari Grand Prix, Brazil’s first Grand Prix win on European soil.
Wilson was not just a normal radio journalist commentating over races, though. He became a significant figurehead in Brazilian motorsport through organizing some significant motorsport institutions in the nation. He established the Mil Milhas (1,000 Mile) race at Interlagos in 1956 as Brazil’s primary endurance racing event, a tradition that not only carries on to this day, but has been included in international sportscars and Le Mans series events.
Wilson also established the Confederação Brasileira de Automobilismo, Brazil’s primary motorsport association that helped to cement the nation’s place in FISA, getting a Brazilian foothold into international motorsports and establishing a platform for Brazilian drivers to hone their talents on the motorsport stage.
The drivers he probably helped the least, though, were his sons, Emerson and Wilson Jr. Odd, right? Well, Wilson Sr. apparently was hesitant to pour in the funding required for his children to compete, which could have put a hamper on their careers before they even left São Paulo.
Mercifully, his sons started their own business in the automotive industry, from repairs to bodykits, that helped ease the burden on Barão’s wallet. But once the Fittipaldi family reached the biggest stage, Barão was there every step of the way.
Wilson Sr. was selected as commentator when television coverage on Formula 1 started with Emerson’s debut in Lotus in 1970. And when Emerson took his first World Driver’s Championship two years later, Wilson Sr. had the unique privilege of commentating over his son’s triumph. He could even be found on the pitwall of his son’s team, Copersucar Fittipaldi, as they made their (rather disastrous) venture into Formula 1. Later in life, he would mentor his grandson Christian and great-grandson Pietro as they moved up the motorsport ladder, before his passing in 2013. Aged 92 at the time of his passing, he was one of the giants onto whose shoulders his sons, along with the large poll of Brazilian talent that followed in F1 and in other categories, would stand.
He may be a relative unknown in contemporary Formula 1, but for any Brazilian out there, from the aspiring karter shooting his shot, to the casual everyday fan, you have the Baron to thank for that.

[Ed. Note: As a Brazilian, it was truly amazing to see Wilson Sr.’s contributions researched and explained so beautifully, and it just further underscores TheStateOfIt’s knowledge and research ability, which have been so valuable to the Formula1 Editorial Team from the start]

Emerson Fittipaldi

This guy needs no introduction. Take any Brazilian that has entered Formula 1 (or IndyCar, for that matter) and ask them what was their inspiration, nine times out of ten, it was Emmo.
His father and elder brother, Wilson Sr. and Wilson Jr., were definitely Emerson’s biggest inspirations in Formula 1. From a young age, Emerson was already helping out his older brother engineer his karts, before taking the wheel himself and promptly dominating. He was also adept at motorbikes and hydrofoil boats, but to him, single-seaters were where his talents lay.
Since his father showed no inclination to establish a base for Fittipaldi to race, he and Wilson just started their own garage, putting their engineering expertise to work to fund their racing careers. Once Formula Vee reached Brazil, this expertise was crucial to their grander schemes, as the Fittipaldis workshopped on their cars, sold it to others, and then Emerson beat them with his own car, taking the title at 21 years of age.
However, big as Brazil is, everyone knew Europe was where it was. And after an extra season dabbling in GT cars, Emmo dropped everything and made the long haul to Britain with absolutely nothing known about him. He did not have a contract with any team, so he only meant to race for three months to test the waters.
It was a shock to the British racing fraternity, then, when the complete unknown from South America, bought a Formula Ford and started winning races immediately. Racing school owner Jim Russell took notice and instantly brought Fittipaldi into his Formula 3 stable. Despite only joining halfway through the championship, Fittipaldi romped and secured the British F3 crown with five wins in the last six races. Not to downplay Fittipaldi’s feat, it bears mention that Alan Rollinson, who was dominating the championship until Fittipaldi’s arrival, mysteriously stopped participating when Emmo entered. Who knows what would have happened if Rollinson rolled on.
By now, Emerson Fittipaldi had caught the eye of two team owners in Formula 1. One was Frank Williams, who by then was just getting started out in team management and striking a deal with De Tomaso, but still was not very competitive in the overall scheme of things.
The other was Colin Chapman, Lotus chairman. Initially signed up for a Formula 2 deal in 1970, his meteoric rise to the top was further aided by Chapman, who let Fittipaldi start a few races for Lotus’ Formula 1 squad in their third car, which was used for other up-and-coming talents to hone their skills. Fittipaldi had basically did the real life, any% speedrun to make it to Formula 1 at 23 years of age. Might not seem like much nowadays, but back then, Fittipaldi was the 18th youngest driver to start a Formula 1 race and in the best team in the circus thanks to championship leader Jochen Rindt.
Come Monza, however, Fittipaldi seemed to be in deep trouble in Lotus, especially since he launched right off the back of Ignazio Giunti in practice, which he remembers making Colin Chapman a bit mad. However, this incident was rendered moot later, as team and championship leader Rindt fatally crashed braking for the Parabolica. Distraught, Chapman withdrew Lotus from this and the next Grand Prix, and as second driver John Miles quit the team following Rindt’s accident, Fittipaldi suddenly found himself as the number one driver for Lotus as they returned for the penultimate race of the season at Watkins Glen. With Jackie Ickx looking racey, Fittipaldi’s job was to hold him off to give Rindt a chance of posthumously winning the title.
In just his fourth start, and his first as team leader, Emerson did more than just keep Ickx at bay: he won the race. Granted, he only did so as the three ahead of him - Ickx, Jackie Stewart, and Pedro Rodriguez - all suffered from mechanical gremlins and fuel issues, but that takes nothing away from Fittipaldi’s feat. He became the third youngest winner in F1 history in just his fourth start, and his position as Lotus number one was well and truly cemented.
The rest is well written in lore. Fittipaldi stuck through 1971 with Lotus as they developed their Lotus 72 chassis, even taking part in the oddity that was the Lotus-Pratt & Whitney jet turbine engined project. This led to a dominant 1972 championship campaign, culminating in the previously mentioned victory in Italy with his father commentating over his victory. He was only 25 at this point, becoming the youngest World Driver’s Championship at the time, a record he held for three full decades before the arrival of Fernando Alonso.
Things, arguably, should have also gone his way the following year, but an intra-team rivalry with new teammate Ronnie Peterson and unreliability not only awarded Jackie Stewart the title, but prompted Fittipaldi to leave the team and make the switch to McLaren, where he would win his second world title before even reaching 28 years old. He had the world at his feet.
Then he fell off the map. By choice.
As Stephen Mangan summed it up in the movie Rush, Fitti-fucking-paldi had left McLaren for Coper-fucking-sucar. He had moved to Wilson’s team to not just boost the team’s image following its struggles in its inaugural season, but to help his brother in managing the outfit and to keep national spirit up for the squad. However, instead of leading the team to stardom, what followed was years of mediocrity and unreliability, with the occasional feel-good podium thrown in, the most notable being a second place finish in front of his home crowd at Jacarepaguá. At just 33, he retired from Formula 1 to manage the team full-time, but that was of little use as the outfit folded in 1982. You would think that would be that for this Fittipaldi, but that was just the end of the first half of his career.
In 1984, aged 38, he was tempted to head to the USA to join IndyCar. Far from the youthful spirit of his F1 glory days, Fittipaldi proved that he was still extremely fast, adapting to oval racing incredibly quickly and finding a career renaissance in his 40’s, winning the CART championship at 43 years of age and winning two Indy 500’s, in 1989 and 1993.
This second victory, at 46, should have been sweet, but Fittipaldi generated controversy by drinking orange juice instead of the traditional milk to promote Brazil’s citrus industry. The fans at Indy either have something against oranges or did not like the break in tradition for an industry-boosting tactic, and booed the living hell out of Emerson.
He had planned to retire at the end of 1996, but a massive shunt in Michigan that year curtailed his racing career a bit early, and any chance of another full-time return to racing, if there ever was going to be at 50-plus years-old, was put to bed in 1997 when he was lucky in escaping from a microflight plane crash with just an injured back.
Emerson was definitely the stalwart of the Fittipaldi family, and the one with the greatest legacy in carrying the Fittipaldi family’s name. His meteoric rise to superstardom was a rare sight to behold in Formula 1, but to leave all the success he had had to assist the family team was equally brave and gutsy. And then, when it was not enough and most drivers his age would be contemplating retirement, he went on to start a whole new career, earn fans (and haters) in a completely different region, and raced until his body could not take it any more. His two careers left an entire nation inspired to follow in his footsteps and created a hotbed of talent, from Piquet to Senna to Barrichello to Massa, that gave Brazil a constant presence on the grid until 2017, more than 4 decades after Emerson’s debut.
I would end it there, and talk about how Emerson seems to be enjoying life in retirement, even taking part in the recent zenith of simracing events happening in this lockdown period, buuuuut there are also bad news.
Recently, it was reported that Emmo is in deep financial debt, getting in 145 legal cases worth 8 and a half million euros from creditors, accusing him of hiding assets in the United States. It is not the first time Emerson has been in financial trouble as of late, as in 2016 some of his assets, including championship-winning cars, were seized from his museum by the Brazilian government, though Emerson highlighted the targeting of Brazilian media and his problems being symptomatic of a larger, nation-wide economic and corruption issue. Who knows, though, where Emerson goes from here.

Wilson Fittipaldi Junior

Wilson Jr. may be the older of the 1970’s Fittipaldis, but as the one with a delayed start in Formula 1 and with a far less successful career that his brother, Wilson will always be viewed as the Brent Gretzky of the Fittipaldi family.
Actually, labelling him the Brent of the family is a bit harsh. He was very much the spark plug behind the Fittipaldi’s engineering ventures, funding most of the brothers’ racing aspirations, and had already made the trip over to Europe in 1966, before Emerson ever stepped foot in a Formula Vee car, but he could not cut any mustard and returned to Brazil. He even tried his hand at hydrofoil racing in his early days, but a nasty incident left Fittipaldi thinking that motorsport was much safer.
Once Emerson made it big by winning a Grand Prix, though, Wilson thought that was the perfect opportunity to tail his brother into the European racing scene. In fact, he followed in his brother’s direct footsteps, heading right into Jim Russell’s Formula 3 seat in 1970. Though his rise was nowhere as meteoric or as impressive as his brother’s, Wilson was still able to steadily climb the ranks, and finishing 6th in European F2 in 1971 was enough to get Wilson a seat at Brabham for 1972.
However, he joined Brabham at precisely the wrong time, where the outfit was going through its blunder years, as Ron Tauranac experimented with lobster-claw designs and ownership was being passed around like a hot potato, eventually ending up in the hands of Bernie Ecclestone.
While all this was happening, Wilson was paired with Carlos Reutemann and two-time champion Graham Hill, and was instantly outclassed. With Hill, it was not much a surprise, but compared to fellow rookie Reutemann, Wilson was not matching him on pace at all. While Reutemann stunned the racing world by placing the woeful ‘lobster-claw’ Brabham BT34 on pole on his debut, Wilson was not setting any worlds alight with consistent but sub-par performances. As Hill left the team and Wilson was promoted to second driver in 1973, things did not look much better for him, scoring just three points while Reutemann was out there snagging podiums, and soon Wilson was out of a team.
Not that it mattered, because Wilson was busy setting up his own.
He already had the seeds planted for the outfit in November 1973, after his last race for Brabham. He did not want to waste the talent he had in manufacturing Formula Vee cars and GT bodykits go to waste, so hiring his friend Richard Divila to design the cars, he took the whole of 1974 off to establish the outfit. And he did not just take the whole year to establish his new team, but he took the whole of Brazil to start this team. I should probably remind you that Brazil, at this time, was governed by an authoritarian, militaristic government, one of many military juntas supported by the United States to install right-wing leaders sympathetic their fight against potential Soviet threats. This government was one that took pride in the ‘Brazilian Economic Miracle’ of the 1970’s, which saw Brazil’s economic standing rise to unprecedented levels in the decade (before the cost of the “miracle” led to the economic debacle of the 80’s), though this came through authoritarian rule that suppressed dissidents and drove inequality in the nation.
Why did I just go on the brief geopolitical tangent to talk about a Formula 1 team being established? Well, sport was heavily intertwined with this economic miracle, wherein international dominance in certain sports were a symbol of Brazil rising in their relevance and power in the world. While this was most reflected through Brazil’s dominance in the FIFA World Cup in 1970, motorsport had a big role in it too, primarily sparked by Emerson’s two championships in 1972 and 1974. And when Wilson announced his intention to run a Formula 1 team, based in Brazil, with Brazilian engineers and drivers, the money came rolling in, as Brazil’s leaders had their sights set on champagne, trophies, and prize money.
Brazil’s biggest ethanol and sugar manufacturer, Copersucar, wasted no time in becoming the title-sponsor for the team. Embraer, the state-owned airplane manufacturer, loaned their technology and engineers to design the car as well. The car was presented to the nation’s president at the end of 1974, with Wilson intending to drive the car himself in 1975.
However, this meant that Copersucar-Fittipaldi was no longer a Fittipaldi family project. It was now Brazil’s national Formula 1 team.
And boy, did they let their nation down.
Especially in their first year, with Wilson at the wheel. With the FD01 featuring some unique design features, like a March 711-esque raised front wing and a sleek engine cover, their oddities unfortunately rooted them to the back of the grid, with Wilson failing to qualify twice, managing a best finish of 10th. Both Wilson and Copersucar-Fittipaldi were last out of the drivers and teams that attempted pretty much a full season. No points and no hope, Emerson’s turn to the team looked like, and may have very well been, a family move to support Wilson, but at the time there was no question that it carried undertones of saving national pride as well.
Despite the occasional podium, Fittipaldi was never anything more than a lower-midfield team, however, and media and public support quickly vanished, the team switch to the UK never truly solving their problems. Once Copersucar stopped sponsoring them, and with Brazil now in significant debt thanks to the economic “miracle”, the team became impossible to sustain and it duly left Formula 1 by the end of 1983.
If Wilson was left to his own devices to establish a family-run team without expectations, it might have lasted longer. But with the weight of an entire nation-state, there was just no way Wilson could keep it afloat. He would be an ever-present figure, supporting his son Christian’s motorsport career in the 90’s and making appearances now and then in Stock Car Brasil, even joining Christian for a Mil Milhas, the race set up by Wilson Sr., triumph in 1994.

Christian Fittipaldi

With Christian, we move into the third generation of the Fittipaldi family, the second with actual Formula 1 driving experience. Although he did not set up his own national motorsports organization and become the voice of a nation like “Barão”; although he does not have any World Championships to his name like uncle Emerson; and although he certainly did not start an F1 team that gathered support from the whole nation like Wilson Jr., that does not mean Christian lacked any talent. Far from it, his career is sadly rather undervalued.
Christian was mentored by his father right from the start, as he took to go-karting and then single-seaters. And, like his uncle, Christian’s rise was meteoric. In 1989, he won the Brazilian Formula 3 title in his first step beyond Formula Ford, winning the continental title in 1990 and, while pulling double duty in Britain, managing to finish fourth in the UK F3 championship as well.
Then, at 20 years old, Christian would stun the racing world by winning the F3000 championship on his first go in 1991. Granted, he was driving for Pacific Racing, one of the best F3000 teams out there, but he still had to put up a tough fight against Alessandro Zanardi, barely holding off Zanardi to the championship by four seconds in the final round at Nogaro.
However, unlike his uncle, he did not get signed up by any recent constructor’s champions. Far from it. He ended up with Minardi for the 1992 season, which did not look all that bad at the start. Granted, they were backmarkers, but they had just come off their best season in recent history, with two fourth places from Pierluigi Martini to show for it.
However, the new Lamborghini engine caused all sort of trouble and Fittipaldi failed to qualify multiple times, being saddled with reliability issues, and even fracturing his fifth vertebrae after an accident qualifying in the French Grand Prix, which would be the first of many injury woes for him. Despite all those troubles, though, he impressed by dragging that Minardi in places it had no right to be in, culminating in Minardi’s only point of the season at the Japanese Grand Prix. Still a sprightly 21 years old at this point, it made him the fifth youngest driver at the time to score a point in Formula 1.
Next season was supposed to be Christian’s breakout year. As he moved to lead driver ahead of Fabrizio Barbazza, the Minardi M193 was miles better than the previous year’s chassis, even if it was still not exactly the strongest car on the grid. For the first half of the season, Fittipaldi looked strong, scoring a miraculous 4th place in the chaotic South African Grand Prix, and following that up with a fifth on the streets of Monte Carlo. The brilliantly-haired Barbazza was not faring too bad either, and Minardi were at last looking like a decent midfield outfit.
Then Pierluigi Martini returned to the team. For those that do not know, Martini is essentially Minardi’s hero. He started on the front row with them, he led a lap for them, and drove for them for almost his whole career apart from 1992, the year Fittipaldi joined. But with Martini back, he started to challenge Fittipaldi pace wise, and the wily veteran was actually keeping up with the young Brazilian pace-wise, even qualifying in 7th at Hungary where Christian could only make 14th on the grid.
This came to a head at the end of the Italian Grand Prix. Martini was in 7th, with Fittipaldi barely trailing behind in 8th place coming to the finish line. It would be the first time since the wet European Grand Prix where both Minardis would place in the top 10, and in front of the home crowd some more. They were practically nose to tail heading to the line.
Then came the most (in)famous moment of Christian’s career: The Backflip.
You have all seen it and gone “oOoOhH what a wAcKy accident”. I know I did when I first saw this. Stuck the landing, 9’s across the board, with an 8.5 from the Bulgarian judge, did not lose a place, and across the line. A highlight reel moment, but in reality, this was the end of Christian’s Minardi career. He was mad and insisted Martini slowed down and swerved to protect his position in front of his home crowd, endangering Christian in the process. He even claims to have seen the telemetry that indicates Martini let go of the gas. Martini insists he slowed because he was missing fifth gear, and the botched gear shift was to blame. Either way, tempers flared in the garage, forcing team principal Giancarlo Minardi to step in. Christian never talked to Martini again, and was dropped from Minardi after the following race in Portugal, in part due to needing sponsorship money, and in part because of the incident. We all laugh at that wAcKy incident now, but it left Christian out of a drive.
For 1994, Christian managed to find a seat with Footwork Arrows, but being stuck in lower-midfield teams for three years, he felt he needed a change of scene. Despite more impressive results for Footwork, outpacing teammate Gianni Morbidelli, nearly scoring a podium in Germany and a sixth in Canada ruled out due to an underweight car, Fittipaldi was not going anywhere. Even though there were rumours of a high-profile move to McLaren (granted, this rumour was based on one blog and severely lacks verification), Christian up and left to race where his uncle was having his career resurgence: the big old U.S. of A.
While things started out promising for Christian, getting second place in his first (and only) Indy 500 and finding himself with multiple top ten finished in 1996, a massive shunt in the second race of the season at Surfer’s Paradise sidelined him for quite a few races in 1997, and this marked the beginning of four straight seasons for Christian where he would be hampered by injuries and concussions caused by multiple wrecks all the way to 2000. Though he would win a few races and launch quite the campaign in 2002, those injuries definitely put a hamper in the prime of Christian’s career.
From there, though Christian went on to try everything in motorsport, and I mean EVERYTHING. He dipped his toes into NASCAR, though the less we speak about that, the better. He shot his shot in the World Cup of Nations, A1 Grand Prix, but could not match Nelson Piquet Jr.’s earlier results to give Brazil a shot at the title. He went back home and experimented in Stock Car Brazil for a couple seasons, without success as well. But he found his true calling card in Daytona Prototypes. In the American endurance racing circuit, Christian became a powerhouse, ending up as a three-time Daytona 24 hours winner, a victor in the 12 Hours of Sebring, and taking home two sportscar championships in 2014 and 2015, aged 44.
He finally hung up his racing suit for good last year, but is still involved in the sportscar scene in the United States, showing up as the Grand Marshal in this year’s 24 hours of Daytona. However, the mark he made on Formula 1 was more than just a fancy backflip. He took two underperforming teams in Minardi and Footwork, and actually got them into positions where they had no right to be. In fact, a paper by Bell et al. (2016) that created an all-time list of driver’s rankings based on performance relative to teammates, consistency in terms of reliability and team’s performance, redeemed Christian’s stint in Formula 1 by ranking him rather well.
Like, really well. In fact, they ranked Christian as the 11th best driver ever in Formula 1. Better than Lewis Hamilton.
Granted, this was based off up to 2016 results, leaving out a few rather successful years of Hamilton’s career, plus Christian has a W I D E confidence interval due to his short stint in F1, and other people, like u/whatthefat, have argued against Bell et al.’s model, but let us not completely dismiss. Maybe there is an alternate universe where Christian does not backflip, stays on good terms with Minardi, finds a solid drive in Formula 1, and does not get injured every darn season. In that alternative scenario, he might even have won a few races, maybe a championship. And maybe he would have had the results to lay a claim as the 11th best driver ever in Formula 1 without the need for long explanations.
Instead, all we have for this Fittipaldi is a radical backflip to remember him by.

Pietro Fittipaldi

And this leads us to Pietro. As he takes the track this weekend in Sakhir, he becomes the fourth Fittipaldi to drive in Formula 1, earning the family the record for most representatives on the Formula 1 grid, and the first with three generations to enter races in Formula 1. Unlike Mercedes, who have negotiated with other teams instead of digging right into their reserves, Haas directly promoted their reserve driver into their seat opened up due to Grosjean’s tremendous accident last week. However, even with Grosjean’s absence, Pietro is quite lucky to end up in this seat in the first place.
His career also has an odd start, one you do not expect. He started out his childhood in karting, yes, but Pietro’s first car racing series was not Formula Ford. Or Formula BMW. Or Formula 4. Or any other, normal, entry-level series you’d expect in open wheels. Instead, Pietro Fittipaldi got his start in NASCAR. Specifically, the Whelen All-American series where, at age 15, he won his track’s championship. He only made the move to ‘normal’ single-seater entry-level championships two years later, where he would then win in British Formula Renault’s Protyre championship in its final season, dominating the field.
The next few seasons saw Pietro make a slow and steady climb up the junior ranks of single-seater racing, mixing a disappointing campaign in the F3 European Championship in 2015 with a title in the much lesser-known MRF Challenge over the 2015-16 off-season. From there, he moved on to Formula V8 3.5, previously known as Formula Renault, for the 2016 season. And this is where things get interesting.
You see, Formula V8 3.5 was in its death throes at that point after Renault withdrew their backing from the 2016 season. For 2017, the series was still given a lot of weight in the new Super Licence points system, with the champion receiving 35 points. However, the entry list that year was severely depleted, with only eight full-time entries, one of them being Pietro. There was still a fair bit of competition for him to ward off, namely Rene Binder, Roy Nissany, and Alfonso Celis Jr., but Pietro took the title and the 35 points that came with it. This was just in time, as the FIA were going to slash the Super Licence points for the series down to 20 for the champions. The series then folded, but Pietro still had 35 points.
The following year saw Pietro attempt to step up and take on two major series at once, pulling part-time double duty in both the World Endurance Championship and IndyCar. However, those plans were done for after Pietro broke both his legs during qualifying for the 6 Hours of Spa, scuppering his chances of making it to the Indy 500. He did manage to scrape a single top ten finish on his return, but most of his season was gone.
By this point, Pietro was named as the reserve driver for Haas, but the major issue was that he still only had 35 points, just below the 40 required to actually make an F1 start. His efforts in DTM in 2019 were not great, with Pietro finding the transition to touring cars difficult, and thus Haas was left scrambling, with the 35 points from his Formula V8 3.5 title soon to expire in 2020. However, there was one series left for Pietro to push for points: the Asian Formula Three championship.
It was no guarantee, though. Previous entrants into Asian F3 for the sake of Super Licence points have had their plans scuppered due to the short nature of the series, most notable of which being Dan Ticktum. All Pietro needed was fifth in the championship, but his season started weakly, with mechanical issues in Sepang leaving him with zero points in the championship. By Abu Dhabi, Pietro was only sixth in the standings, and given the form of his surrounding competitors, he would need to pick up his pace fast, otherwise nothing short of a miracle was required.
Enter Covid-19.
As the news out of the bizarre pneumonia in Wuhan started trickling out, and with the Chinese New Year signalling a potential spread of the disease across the region, many people put themselves on high alert. Crucially for this story, Asian Formula Three drivers Devlin DeFrancesco and Sebastian Fernandez, who both withdrew from the championship, citing concerns over the spread of Covid-19 in the region.
As DeFrancesco and Fernandez were ahead of Pietro in the championship standings, he had an easier task of surpassing them to score those Super Licence points, which he promptly did, earning 6 points to bring his total to 41, just enough to qualify for a Super Licence.
And not only has he qualified, but now he is taking to the track. Representing not just Brazil for the first time in a while, but bringing back the Fittipaldi family into the sport it has come to shape.
Whether it be through establishing the sport in the nation, winning multiple championships, inspiring legions of future drivers, broadcasting to millions, attracting the government to invest in your team, or by simply doing a backflip, the Fittipaldi name is embedded in both Brazil and Formula 1’s history, and the family has shaped and transformed Formula 1 in a multitude of ways.
Who knows what Pietro will do? Will he defy expectations and place the Haas on the cusp of points? Will he fade away during the race? Will he retire? Will he start? Who knows? But from history, we have seen the Fittipaldi name has been one to follow for decades. So we will follow Pietro. He has got a big name to carry, but whatever he does, he is the one pushing the Fittipaldi family legacy in Formula 1 forward.

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A big thanks to the 2055 of you who took a moment to complete the recent golf 2020 census.
This is a tremendous response and should provide a reasonable sample size among active users of this sub. Caveat: while my IRL work has a lot to do with digital media and numbers, I am no data scientist or Excel whiz, so I'm sure this isn't quite as good as it could be, but it's all I have time to do with now!
So without further ado, here are the results (and I have made the data available here if anyone wants to take a peek or slice and dice it for themselves). You can view natively in your browser, or simply click the 'download' button in the top right.
I might edit this later with some more findings, but that's enough for now! I'll be really interested to know what you think. What results surprise you? What results were you sure of? Please post and discuss your feedback!
1. How old are you? The average age of golf is 30.01 years. It's also the most common age selected in the census with 144 of you identifying as exactly 30 years old, 135 of you identifying as 31 and 134 identifying as 28 years.
The oldest respondent is 72 (and has a handicap of 5). The youngest respondent was 13, which is the minimum age to have a reddit account, which is why I cut it off there. The two 13-year-olds identify as being off 12 and 6 handicaps.
Just 108 of the sample size are teenagers, representing a mere of 5.26% of respondents.
2. What is your gender? A whopping 98.2% of us identify as male and just 1.1% female. I knew this sub was heavily skewed to men, but that's a LOT more than I expected.
3. What is your relationship status? 41.9% of this sub is married, 29.7% are in a relationship and 27.5% are single.
The average handicap of married golfers is 17.0, single 17.5 while golfers in a relationship are 18.4, suggesting this latter category is prioriting other matters in life :)
0.8% of married golfers and 1.1% of both single and golfers in relationship are better than scratch players
4. Where do you live? 79.7% of you live in the United States Canada is second with 8.1% and the UK third with 4.4%.
The top 10 is:

Country	Count
USA	1637
Canada	166
UK	90
Australia	27
Sweden	26
Ireland	23
New Zealand	11
Norway	10
Germany	8
Netherlands/Denmark/Finland	7

There are single representatives from Antigua, the Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Georgia, Greece, Grenada, Iceland, Italy, Mexico, Oman, Pakistan, Poland, Romania and Thailand.
5. In which US state do you live? Here is where the Americans among us live:

State	Count
California	171
Texas	108
New York	88
Illinois	69
Pennsylvania	63
Massachusetts/Ohio	62
Georgia	69
Florida/Michigan	58
Virginia	56
Minnesota	54

The states with the fewest golfers are Delaware and Montana (2 each) while Vermont and Wyoming each have 4 representatives on golf according to this census.
6. What is your current handicap? (rounded to the nearest whole number) According to this census, the average handicap or golf is slightly lower than 17.5 (slightly lower as there are 20 players who identify as better than scratch, but were counted as 0 for the purposes of this average).
7. Recently,my handicap has been... 1262 (61.35%) of you have been reducing your handicaps lately - well done! 8.81% of you need to stop the recent rise in your handicap 29.84% of you are remaining relatively unchanged/consistent
8. My status as a golfer is... The vast majority of us (96.15%) are amateur players/weekend hackers while there are at least 8 current professionals among us, 3 former pros and 68 aspiring pros
9. What would you say is your preferred brand of club? I appreciate this question didn't suit everyone, as putters are different to irons as wedges are different to drivers - you might like a brand in one club, but loathe it in another. Without wanting to make this survey too in-depth, I think the below table is a decent snapshot of golf's preferred club brands (and really sorry I forgot about the PXG crew!)

Brand	# that express it as 'favorite'
TaylorMade	532
Callaway	380
Mizuno	303
Titleist	270
Ping	218
Cobra	126
Cleveland	46
Wilson	46
Nike	39
Srixon	32
Ben Hogan	20
Adams	13
Miura	9
Dunlop	6
Bridgestone	4
MacGregor	4
Bettinardi	2
Honma	2
Vulcan	2

Obviously a lot to unpack here and there a LOT of variables. Of particular interest is the love for a now defunct golf brand (Nike) ahead of leading brands such as Srixon and Miura. Also, there is a noticeable drop-off from Ping to Cobra and an even greater one from Cobra to Cleveland.
When you isolate the data to those with a 0 or better handicap, the results look like this:
TaylorMade (9) Titleist (7) Callaway (3) Mizuno (3) Ping (3) Cleveland (2) Miura (1) Nike (1)
10. Do you prefer to mix or match? 19.57% prefer to match your sets while 80.43% don't mind what's in the bag, as long as it works for you.
11. What brand of ball do you primarily play?

Brand	Number who play it
Titleist	462
Whatever I find in my bag or the woods	290
Callaway	249
TaylorMade	211
Srixon	194
Bridgestone	170
Kirkland	121
Vice	119
Snell	79
Wilson	39
Nike	21
Top Flite	19
Oncore	16
Maxfli	13
Inesis	8
Volvik	8
Mizuno	7
Pinnacle	6
Noodle	3
Seed	2
Sugar	2
Slazenger	2
OtheVarious	12

12. Do you think the ball you play has a significant impact on your game? 37.59% of you think it's VERY important 19.40% of you don't think it matters at all 43.01% don't mind, as long as it's a ball by a 'leading' manufacturer
17/20 of BETTER than scratch golfers said that ball choice is critical. The only surprising thing about this is that it wasn't 20/20! The average handicap of players who suggest ball choice is very important is 14.16 (down 3+ whole points from the overall golf average) and if you include the BETTER than scratch handicappers as zero, that falls to 13.85.
13. What is your position on iron covers? 57 of you (2.77%) use iron covers 821 of you (39.97%) of you think these 57 people should be openly mocked 1176 (57.26%) of you think these 57 people should do whatever they like :)
14. Do you drink alcohol while golfing? 17.96% of you don't see any difference between a golf course and an open bar 29.60% of you drink and play some of the time 24.74% of you drink occasionally 27.70% of you never drink while golfing
Of the 29 zero or better handicappers among us, 11 never drink on the course and 5 drink most of the time!
15. What is your preferred tee time? 40.55% of you enjoy gettingup at the crack of dawn for an early morning tee time 27.46% of you like a morning slot, but without the early wake-up 14.41% of you would rather play in the afternoon 13.00% of you enjoy finishing the day with twilight golf Just 4.58% of you prefer to tee off at lunchtime
16. What is your preferred way of getting around the course? 45.13% of you prefer driving 32.18% of you are card carrying members of the push cart mafia 22.69% of you mental bastards prefer to walk and carry
17. Are you a member of a club? 71.23% of golf are nomads 23.81% of us are full year members of a club 4.96% of us are members of a club for part of the year
18. Have you ever had a hole-in-one? 10.18% of you have an ace to your name 89.82% of us are still searching for that elusive milestone!
19. Who do you prefer golfing with? 76.53% of us would rather golf with our friends 12.03% most enjoy playing with family 10.37% prefer the solitude of a solo round 1.07% of you most enjoy the company of strangers
20. Hot or cold? 67.53% of you would prefer to play in roasting hot conditions 32.47% would rather play in the freezing cold
21. What is your biggest pet peeve on the course?
Here's how you responded to the pre-defined answers:

Peeve	# of you who most hate this
Slow play	1051
Lack of course care	214
People who hit up on you	204
'Put me down for bogey' guy	147
People who litter	145
Bluetooth speakers	111
Unsolicited advice	93

And here are some of the best 'write in' answers!

• All of the above in equal parts (this was a popular response!)
• The 6-foot gimme guy
• Drunk golfers (refer to question 14)
• Finding out the greens have been cored
• The 10 practice swings before a duff guy
• Snobbery
• Rule sticklers
• This is technically littering, but cigarette butts and sunflower seeds
• Starters who don't properly manage their time sheets
• Angry players who swear, throw clubs etc.

22. What do you consider to be the best part of your game? 34.95% of you are best with an iron in your hands 31.44% of you are magicians around the green with a wedge 16.84% of you feel most at home on the greens 16.77% of you love to step on to the tee with the big dog
23. What do you consider to be the worst part of your game? 45.62% of you aren't confident with driver in hand 20.25% of you least like putting 18.55% don't strike irons well compared to the rest of your game 15.58% of you are most uncomfortable with a wedge
24. Assuming you had not achieved either, would you rather... 68.01% of you would rather play a whole round to par or better 31.99% of you would prefer to write a "1" on your score card
25. Which shot produces the most pleasure for you? An utterly PURE mid/long iron right out of the sweet spot (40.12%) Ripping a booming drive down the middle of the fairway (30.62%) Reading the break and hitting the ideal weight on a putt (11.74%) A pin-point chip/pitch to tap-in range (9.54%) Crushing a wood off the deck (4.67%) Splashing out of the sand to a few inches from the cup (2.58%) A perfectly judged bump & run (0.73%)
So that's all of the questions with pre-defined answers, which was much easier for me to dissect than the qualitative answers to come! With upward of 2000 responses, I can't depict every answer, so have done my best to group them and provide some outlying humour and interesting responses.
26. Who are you picking to drain a 20-foot breaking putt to save your life?
By far the most popular response was "Tiger" or a variation of it (including "2000 Sunday Tiger" or "Young Tiger" or simply just an emoji and there are so many variations of TW, Eldrick, El Tigre etc. that I am not going to tally them up - just trust me on this, he is far and away the top choice!)
A lot of you would back yourself for the putt. Some because you legitimately think you will make it, others because they will feel more motivated than anyone on earth while others wouldn't consider burdening another person with that responsibility!
So here's the list I've generated with everyone who had 5 or more mentions.

• Tiger Woods (714) - not including the aforementioned variations of his name, so I suspect that more than half of you will have chosen TW in some way, shape or form
• Myself (139)
• Jordan Spieth (121)
• Jack Nicklaus (83)
• Phil Mickelson (82)
• Dustin Johnson (76)
• Rickie Fowler (62)
• Justin Thomas (58)
• Jason Day (49)
• Kevin Kisner (31)
• Bryson DeChambeau (26)
• Colin Morikawa (20)
• Brad Faxon (18)
• Kevin Na (17) - and two said "just so he can walk it in"
• Steve Stricker (16)
• Rory McIlroy (15)
• My dad (13)
• Dennis McCarthy (12)
• Anyone but myself (11)
• Happy Gilmore (11)...uh oh, Happy learned how to putt!
• Jesus (11)
• Ben Crenshaw (10)
• Brandt Snedeker (9)
• Webb Simpson (9)
• Matt Kuchar (8)
• Ian Poulter (8)
• Brooks Koepka (6)
• Arnold Palmer (6)
• Tommy Fleetwood (6)
• Jim Furyk (6)
• Jon Rahm (5) - would have been a lot more after last weekend!
• Patrick Reed (5)

A special shout out to....

• The 6 people who would choose my mom (clearly good putting is not hereditary)
• The 3 people who said "The Club Pro Guy"
• The 2 people who said Michael Phelps
• The 2 who said Batman
• The 1 cool cat who said Carole Baskin
• The 1 who nominated Rick Shiels because he "prefers some risk"
• And the wise guy who said "a robot designed for putting" (see: 2000 Tiger)

27. If you could change one rule in golf, what would it be?
Another one where I made it pretty difficult to analyse and display the results! But here are a few of the top answers (in what I interpret as order of popularity), and please feel free to access the results yourself if you want to sort through them all.

• Lost ball to become a drop at nearest point of relief for a one-shot penalty instead of reloading for three
• All hazards/OOB to be red stakes for consistency
• Be permitted to ground your club in a bunker
• Relax dress codes (including allowing tour players to wear shorts)
• "Gallery Balls" whereby amateurs receive a free drop for a 'lost' ball that is definitely in play
• All players should receive relief from fairway divots
• Any drop/penalty should just be one stroke (a LOT of you think all OB should be treated as a lateral hazard)
• A certain number of mulligans per round (most said one, but some of you want up to 3 per nine!)
• Actual enforcement of penalties for slow play and/or a shot clock
• Be permitted to lift, clean and place on all fairways
• Free relief for things like ree roots, fences etc.
• Drop height... some of you want it lower (ankle) and some of you want it back to the waist!
• Change number of clubs permitted in bag (interestingly, half of those who suggested this want fewer and the other half want more - there doesn't seem to be a universal consensus)
• That inconsequential and accidental touches of the ball or sand should not result in a penalty
• Allow rangefinders/slope in competitive play
• Preferred lies within one club-length no nearer the hole on all grass and bunker sand
• Flagsticks should remain in the cup 100% of the time
• Overturn the ban on anchoring
• Slightly bigger cups
• Stymies should be permitted

While sorting through these responses, it became apparent just how difficult it is to please all golfers. On one line, someone says "Collared shirts compulsory" and on the next, someone says "Collared shirts optional!"
And finally, this one tickled me...
"If you are not on the green and can run to your ball and play another shot within 5 seconds, the first one shouldn't count!"
28. What is your hottest/most controversial golf take?
Another one that's impossible to really depict succinctly, so here are some interesting responses, copied and pasted exactly as you wrote them!

• (most) old people ruin the game (gatekeeping & arrogance towards younger generation)
• "Annoying fans" are necessary to grow the sport
• 18 holes per game is too many
• 70% of people should be playing from the red tees. Move forward
• Alcohol should be banned on the course
• Alignment lines on balls should be banned
• All private clubs should have a public day
• Amateur golfers on YouTube do more for attracting new people to the sport than pros on TV
• Augusta as a course/club is overhyped. If it wasn't for the exclusivity and the masters itself, it would be considered an average course
• Bad golfers should be relegated to non-ideal tee times
• Blades make you a better golfer because you can feel where your misses are on the face
• Breaking 80 isn’t impressive if it’s not from the tips
• Brooks is more annoying than Bryson
• Bryson and brooks are likable, talented guys
• Bryson and Patrick reed are good for the game (several dozen more Bryson takes!)
• Carts should only be used by people with mobility issues
• Corn Ferry far superior to European tour
• Dress codes are stupid
• European Tour is more difficult than the PGA Tour
• Everyone cheats, somehow or some way
• Fairway shots are most times harder than shots out of the rough on low quality courses
• Fedex Cup should be match play
• Fitting is the biggest scam going. It is a sales tool and nothing more.
• Getting married ruins the promising careers of young pga pros (see Jordan, tiger, rory, rickie, DJ)
• Gimmes are acceptable and should be reasonable encouraged in social (non-competitive) play
• Gimmes suck and hurt your game
• Glove should not be removed during putting
• Golf courses are a waste of resources and land
• Golf decorum means something and isn't designed to be purely elitist
• golf fans are the worst fans of any sport
• Golf isn’t fun to watch just to play
• Handicapping is a participation trophy for bad players
• Hazards should not be raked, they are hazards
• Hitting Fairway Woods off the deck is far easier than off the tee
• Hole in one's aren't that special
• I don't like Phil Mickelson
• I don't really mind slow play
• I don't think you should mark your ball on the putting green for the other golfers. Putt around other balls.
• I love golf but hate golfers
• I'd be on tour if I was given 1 year to train, a new fitted set of clubs, and had no obligations to anything outside of golf (this respondent is a scratch player)
• I'd like to see a tournament with separate tees: womens/champions/PGA, all competing for the same $/trophy
• I'd rather hit a great drive and double bogey than dink my iron a few times and par
• If Bryson was black people would focus on the fact that he is changing the game and advancing it rather than focusing on his minor blunders he has had and blowing them out of proportion.
• If you can’t shoot under 100, you have no business being on a regulation/championship 18 hole golf course
• Instead of rolling back the ball, ban the use of tees
• Iron covers aren’t terrible
• Irons should be labeled with loft not numbers
• Leaving the pin in to putt is better than taking it out
• Men can learn way more from watching the LPGA than the PGA Tour
• Mulligans are stupid and you cheat yourself out of an actual score
• Music being played from the cart should not be distracting during a random weekend tee time. We aren’t on tour.
• No discount should be given if the greens are aerated
• No one should take more than one practice swing. Just get up and hit the ball.
• Nobody wants to see pros play ridiculously tough courses where the winner is -1.
• Older men at golf courses prove millennial aren't the entitled generation, its the 50 to 60 old dude who is
• Pace of play is less of an issue than people make it out to be in the amateur game
• PGA tour broadcast juices yardages for casual fans
• Players on the tour aren’t too long, it’s cool to see what they can do with the same equipment as us
• Playing forward by a set of tees doesn't make you less of a man
• Playing more rounds will help you improve scores faster than range sessions. Rounds are what get scored, not repeated hits off turf.
• Practice swings don't work and are generally pointless
• Prime tiger wouldn’t go on that run he had today against this new talent
• Pro Golfers should be able to play through noise and heckling
• Pro V1s are overrated and mainly used by people for placebo
• Pros are playing for millions of dollars they are allowed to be entitled and whine
• Pros should carry their own bags
• Putters over $100 are a waste of money
• Rowdy fans are alright
• Ryder Cup is better than any major
• Scottys are not overpriced
• Scrambles are a horrible way to play golf
• Shafts don't matter for most golfers
• Solo golfers do not have the right of way as long as the group ahead is meeting course pace of play
• Stepping on someone's putting line makes no difference
• Take the driver out of the bag. You’ll shoot better.
• Tee boxes based on handicap not age/gender
• The British Open is more prestigious than the Masters
• The top 20 LPGA players could make bank on the men's tour if they could tee off from 100 yards ahead
• The US Open is a better tournament than the Masters
• There are like 5 people on the subreddit qualified to give swing advice
• Tiger doesn't care to win again
• Unless you are a 10 handicap or better, the ball you play does not matter
• US Open should only be played at public golf courses
• Waiting for the group in front of you is not hard or annoying
• Womens golf is more entertaining to watch
• Yelling fore does nothing. You’re on a course be aware of your surroundings.
• You should have to have a license to play golf. Nothing crazy just take an online class that would go over basic rules and etiquette.

29. What is the best golf course you have ever played?
Have aggregated the most popular answers to the best of my ability, capped at 6+ responses.

• Pebble Beach (17)
• Chambers Bay (16)
• Half-Moon Bay (15)
• Torrey Pines (13)
• Whistling Straits (12)
• TPC Scottsdale (11)
• Bethpage Black (10)
• Arcadia Bluffs (9)
• Wolf Creek (9)
• Tobacco Road (8)
• Sypglass (8)
• Pinehurst #2 (7)
• Pasatiempo (6)
• TPC Sawgrass (6)

30. What is your bucket list course that you are yet to play?
Again, a lot of variations here which made it tough for me to sort the data, but have done my best to sample a Top 10. I was very surprised to see Augusta behind St Andrews and so far behind Pebble but I suppose people subconsciously don't vote for courses they have no legitimate way of ever playing. I'd be interested to see these results if I re-phrased the question to "You have a free, no questions asked tee time anywhere in the world, name your club..."

• Pebble Beach (433)
• St Andrews (200)
• Augusta (193)
• Bandon Dunes (119)
• Pinehurst #2 (61)
• TPC Sawgrass (49)
• Bethpage Black (35)
• Torrey Pines (22)
• Whistling Straits (22)
• Wolf Creek (21)

31. What is the ONE thing golf administrators ought to do to encourage more people (particularly young people) to play the sport?
This was a genuinely encouraging list of 2000+ results to read though. We often read about the 'doom & gloom' aspects of the future of our sport, but there is a vibrant and dedicated golf community out there thinking of ways to perpetuate interest in the sport and keep the flame lit for the next generation.
Again, here's a sampling of what I would consider to be the most popular responses.

• Make the game less cost prohibitive (this is a big one - everything from clubs to green fees to beers)
• Open 'masterclasses' or free clinics from pros at ranges and local clubs (another big one)
• Shorter courses (9 or 12 hole)
• Heavily discounted beers for 18+ players
• More facilities like Top Golf
• A greater focus on 9-hole game, tee times, handicap structure etc.
• All clubs should have a dedicated youth program
• Allow interest free payment plans for things like memberships, clubs etc.
• Alter rules to make it less elite/proper ie. mulligans, preferred lies etc.
• Allow kids (U15) to play free (and rent clubs free), or at heavily reduced rates
• Alternate course routing that allows you to come off whenever you like, not necessarily play 18
• Kids play free with a paying adult (ensuring pace of play is maintained)
• Relax the dress code and 'traditional' golf culture ie. be far less elitist
• Twilight 9-hole beer leagues, aimed at young professionals looking for something to do after work
• Carving out tee time blocks for 'beginners' so they don't feel pressured
• Similarly, these blocks might be "free for all" in terms of attire, etiquette etc. so if a 14-year-old shows up in a hoodie, carrying 18 clubs and wants to have two mulligans from every tee, it's completely fine!
• Introduce golf to public schools through gym/PE classes
• More tech in carts and ability to connect bluetooth (with limited volume)
• Change the nomenclature of "women's" tees to "beginner" or "forward" tees
• Close the course one day a month for beginners, with teaching pros on the course and range
• Pace of play is important, but if newbies feel intimidated they will never come back
• Encourage mini games within a round for kids ie. straightest shot, nearest to pin etc.
• Engage with local community/government to identify talented (possibly minority) athletes who would otherwise have no access to golf and get clubs in their hand
• Decrease the emphasis on score - make it FUN and about the process, not the end result
• More social events BEYOND golf in local clubs to build the golfing community rapport
• Improve the professional tour TV and online products

32. What is the best tip, or piece of advice you have ever received that's improved your game?
This one is just too crazy to aggregate, so please view all responses (in column AG) here :)
But I will list EVERY bit of advice provided by our scratch or better players.

• Only hit shots you know you can hit
• Just keep playing
• Don't think, just do
• If you chunk chips, focus on using you left (right handed) hand more than your right
• Focus on the next shot
• Get a lesson
• You're not good enough to get mad
• Slow tempo always creates a better shot
• Tempo tempo tempo! 90% of my bad swings are rushing at the top and hands getting ahead of my body
• Hammer the nail
• You don't control the outcome, focus on the process
• Bowed left wrist
• Being mad is ok, being negative is not
• Ask quetions of people who are better than you
• Focus on the shot you have now, not the one you just hit
• Swing on a plane
• Eliminate the double cross
• Play your game
• Before all else, hit the center of the face
• Aim small, miss small
• Care less
• Slow Down
• Learn how to properly manage the course
• The only shot that matters is the next
• Rotation is the wrong word, you're not supposed to rotate
• Relax your grip
• Accelerate THROUGH the ball - let the ball simply get in the way of your club head’s swing path

33. If you had the attention of EVERY SINGLE PLAYER in the world for 10 whole seconds, what would you say?
Again, too much for me to break down, so you can see all responses here in column AH, but here are some of my favorites and some of the more popular ones!

• Fix your ball mark
• Hurry the fuck up
• One practice swing is enough
• Leave the flag in
• Pick up your fucking trash
• Have more fun on the course - it's a game after all
• Enjoy this game while we can - it's truly a privilege
• Accommodate the new as when you are gone, they are all that are left to carry the game
• Grip it and rip it
• Focus on contact before power
• Sam Snead's win record is B.S.
• Thank you for making me feel like I'm not the only person obsessed with this game
• If you love golf, take new people golfing
• Be considerate to players of all skill levels and work to grow the game not alienate newcomers
• Keep your tempo up through the chip shot
• Yelling "FORE" could save someone's life (including tour players)
• FORE RIGHT
• Your ego doesn't exist, let it go
• Don't be a dick, treat the game/courses right, and if you're going to suck, suck at a faster pace
• There's always someone worse than you
• You don't practice enough to get that mad
• You aren’t as good as you think and that's okay
• Go get fitted, it will pay for itself many times over in the long run
• Be ready to hit your shot before it's your turn
• You hit the ball 15 yards shorter than you think you do
• At your best as a pro, you’ll never be half as good as Tiger's peak
• Mashed potatoes
• It's our job to grow the game.
• Baba booey
• Jim Nantz, please come do the color commentary for one my rounds
• Take some damn lessons and stop buying $500 drivers
• Stop giving yourself gimmies, put the ball in the hole
• Smell the roses, enjoy the views
• Golf is hard
• All of you sandbaggers are going to hell
• Hurry the fuck up, and stop spending a minute perfectly adjusting the line on that 15 footer for bogey
• It's our job to grow the game
• ONE FUCKING PRACTICE SWING

Thanks again for your input! I might edit this later with some more findings, but that's enough for now!